Key observation: The graph shows the net power demand for 9 representative days (Winter, Summer, Fall). Depending on the installed capacities of conventional demand, heat pumps, EV charging and PV, the daily net demand peak occurs in positive (demand) or negative (production) direction.

Key observation: The graph shows technically sensible combinations of BESS power and BESS energy for overall peak shaving of the representative days shown in the first graph.
Combinations above the line have too much BESS energy, that can not be fully used with the given BESS power. Combinations below the line have too little BESS energy, to fully use the given BESS power.
With higher BESS powers (horizontal axis) increasing BESS energy (vertical axis) is required to achieve the maximum peak shaving potential.

Key observations: The BESS uses charging and discharging to reduce the overall absolute power peak of all representative days. A 24-hour planning window is used to illustrate the BESS operation. Days with small power peaks (positive or negative) have no BESS usage.

Key observations: On at least one day, the BESS uses the entire available power and energy range.
Note: The transition of the battery energy at the dashed lines is not smooth, since the representative days are not necessarily consecutive.